Closed captions transcript:

00:00:00
With both diplomats and farmers Lisa
Bryant for Geo News Paris the u.s.

00:00:05
National Transportation Safety Board is
issuing several recommendations as part of

00:00:10
its investigations into 2 deadly crashes
of Boeing $737.00 Max jets in Indonesia

00:00:17
and Ethiopia

00:00:19
a piece at Donahue reports one recommendation
is that Boeing should consider how

00:00:23
confusion in the cockpit can slow down
response by pilots when there is some kind

00:00:28
of problem the suggestion is Boeing
underestimates response time to diagnose and

00:00:33
react because of multiple alarms going
off competing for attention Max planes

00:00:38
crashed in Indonesia any Theo Pia in the
past year killing $348.00 people it will

00:00:44
be up to investigators there to determine
what caused the accidents polyphony

00:00:48
reports point to an anti stall system
that kicked in based on faulty sensor

00:00:53
readings pushing the noses of the planes
down and Donahue Washington the u.n.

00:00:58
Monitoring agency says that Iran has begun
using advanced centrifuges to enrich

00:01:04
uranium a violation of a landmark
agreement with world powers the i.a.e.a.

00:01:10
Report said technologically advanced
centrifuges at Iran's Natanz facility were

00:01:15
accumulating or had been prepared to
accumulate in ridged your rainy I'm the

00:01:20
developments breach

00:01:21
a landmark deal that world powers reached
in 2015 their places limitations on

00:01:27
Iran's nuclear program in exchange for
sanctions relief President Donald Trump has

00:01:31
pulled the United States out of that accord
the Pentagon said on Thursday it plans

00:01:37
to send 4 radar systems

00:01:38
a battery of Patriot missiles and about
$200.00 support personnel to bolster Saudi

00:01:44
Arabia's defenses after the largest ever
attack on the kingdom's oil facilities

00:01:49
this month the deployment clarifies the
Pentagon's announcement last week that it

00:01:53
would send more forces after an attack
on that facility I'm David versus v.o.a.

00:01:59
New.

00:02:11
Today is Thursday September 26th and this
is via ways international edition I'm

00:02:16
Steve Miller in Washington coming up u.s.

00:02:19
President Donald Trump continues to
deny any wrongdoing over his call with

00:02:24
Ukraine's leader no push no
pressure no nothing. To Hope's x.

00:02:30
Is all

00:02:30
a big hoax Also ahead objections to Israel's
planned an exaggeration at the United

00:02:35
Nations and where does Britain
Parliament go from here as the BRICs

00:02:40
a date looms ahead Those stories
and more are all coming up next.

00:02:53
U.s.

00:02:53
President Donald Trump and his final news
conference on the sidelines of the u.n.

00:02:58
General Assembly meeting continued his
verbal assault on the investigation into his

00:03:03
conduct with Ukraine and the witch and
continues but they are getting hit hard on

00:03:09
this witch hunt because when they
look at the information it's

00:03:14
a joke. Impeachment that Mr Trump pressed
Ukraine's president to investigate

00:03:20
a political rival former Vice President
Joe Biden in coordination with the u.s.

00:03:25
Attorney general and Trump's personal
lawyer according to a summary of

00:03:29
a telephone call released by the Trump
administration Wednesday across the country

00:03:34
people are voicing their opinions about
the impeachment inquiry Democratic voter

00:03:38
David Schulman says no one wins with the
impeachment of the president but I think

00:03:43
it's a disaster for the state I think
and it's really embarrassing as

00:03:47
a citizen I think that President
Trump has demeaned the office

00:03:55
disgraced the office of the president and
that being said I don't know that there

00:03:59
is a. Enough. Meat on the bone
if you will to actually be

00:04:03
a criminal offense worthy of impeachment
and as such I think that risk that creates

00:04:10
a big political risk for the Democrats
Independent voter Mike Mullen says the

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impeachment debate in Washington shows
the visions within the nation Ransome

00:04:20
current state of affairs right now in the
us versus them I think that's the people

00:04:24
are frustrated with and everybody screams
whoever screams the loudest or makes the

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grand And while the stack evasions those
are what catches headlines and that's what

00:04:36
everybody gets drawn to we are really
even looking at the real issues that are

00:04:40
confronting this country and Republican
voter Joan Ranki says impeachment makes the

00:04:45
whole country look bad I'm concerned about
it simply because of the United States

00:04:51
and the what it says to the world about
us. I'm not going to say that there's not

00:04:57
may be

00:04:58
a reason for it I'm not sure because I
haven't really heard anything definitive on

00:05:03
either side it's all pointing
fingers but I don't think it's

00:05:07
a good thing for the country on Wednesday
evening lawmakers who sit on Intelligence

00:05:11
Committees visited the whistle blowers
complaint assessments are generally split

00:05:16
along party lines with Democrats calling
it damning and Republicans predicting its

00:05:21
public release would not cause any concern
for the fate of the Trump presidency

00:05:26
however

00:05:26
a Republican member of the Senate Intelligence
Committee said there are real troubling

00:05:30
things here Senator Ben Sasse told reporters
that Republicans ought not just to

00:05:35
circle the wagons to protect Mr Trump
Similary Senate Democratic leader Chuck

00:05:41
Schumer told reporters that the document
was very troubling and that there are so

00:05:45
many facts that have to be examined now
joining us from Capitol Hill where acting

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u.s.

00:05:50
Director of National Intelligence Joseph
McGuire testified before lawmakers this

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morning his view

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a Congressional Correspondent Catherine
Jepson Catherine welcome to the. Graham

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thanks so much so is it as the reports
are coming in that their questioning in

00:06:07
this 1st hearing was largely spit along
party lines. So that's really not

00:06:13
a hard thing to predict here on Capitol
Hill these days sadly you know listening to

00:06:17
some of those voters that you had on earlier
but it's certainly what seems to come

00:06:21
out of Capitol Hill and the way people
are perceiving the complaint which was

00:06:26
actually released just as that hearing got
underway giving everybody here on the

00:06:32
Hill and opportunity to go through the
actual details of the complainant self and

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you know Democrats saying that when they
look at it they see damning the prevails

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Republicans saying that it's all

00:06:44
a trumped up media controversy now the
questioning in this 1st open door hearing

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this that we should know the Senate hearing
is going to be behind closed doors but

00:06:52
there's open hearing in the House Intelligence
Committee you to focus on more of

00:06:57
why the d.n.i.

00:06:59
Did not refer the whistleblower complaint
directly to Congress as part of the

00:07:05
federal statutes working Tell
us about what the d.n.i.

00:07:08
Said right so like you said

00:07:11
a lot of this hearing focused on the
nitty gritty details of what the t.

00:07:15
And I did with this whistleblower complaint
did they follow the proper procedures

00:07:20
did they turn it over to Congress as requested
soon enough and as Democrats allege

00:07:26
they didn't why didn't they do
that the d.n.i. Acting d.n.i.

00:07:31
Was able to explain some of his thinking
behind that and what it really boils down

00:07:35
to is that he was quote is an unprecedented
situation where the you really never

00:07:40
had

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a whistleblower complaint that involved the
president of the United States so there's

00:07:46
really no procedure that you could
fall who were kept you next right now

00:07:52
congressional Democrats would say that
he had any number of options that is

00:07:56
disposal and delayed in turning that report.
Over to Congress that's why Congress

00:08:02
is here is to look at complaints like
that really quickly that is that was the

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majority of the focus on this procedure
but what about the complaint itself the

00:08:11
president continues even coming off Air
Force One just recently calling the whole

00:08:15
process

00:08:16
a hoax what did Director McGuire say about
the Inspector General's ascertain as

00:08:23
to what the complaint held
rights and he had to walk

00:08:26
a very careful line in that hearing straight
out that the whistleblower was right

00:08:31
to come forward that he or she followed
all of the proper procedures but he was

00:08:36
clearly of only given the details of the
complainant he kept saying that that

00:08:40
really wasn't as an essential.
Catherine Jepson reports for

00:08:47
v.o.a.

00:08:48
From Capitol Hill thank you so much for
joining us here so welcome and we should

00:08:52
note that if you want to read the whistleblower
report yourself you can find it at

00:08:56
v.o.a.

00:08:57
News dot com where leaders gathered at the
United Nations General Assembly in New

00:09:02
York they're likely hear today about the
Palestinian Israeli conflict as officials

00:09:08
from both sides get their turn to address
the annual meeting Palestinian President

00:09:12
Mahmoud Abbas is scheduled to give his
speech it during the morning hours and

00:09:17
Israeli foreign minister Israel cats will
give an afternoon address at the u.n.

00:09:22
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu is home trying to form

00:09:25
a government after elections last week Arab
leaders have reasserted their rejection

00:09:30
of any Israel attempt to annex Palestinian
land in the aftermath of that election

00:09:36
Jordan's King Abdullah the 2nd Egyptian
president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and

00:09:41
president. Of Iraq meeting at the United
Nations this week say they reject Israel's

00:09:47
annexation plans for the Jordan Valley and
the area north of the Dead Sea. Saudi

00:09:54
Arabia and

00:09:55
a 6 nation Gulf Cooperation Council like
ways have also condemned any such move by

00:09:59
. Israel reporters deal gavel as more
resolving the Israeli Palestinian conflict is

00:10:06
the only way to ensure peace in the region
the leaders of Jordan Egypt and Iraq say

00:10:11
after

00:10:12
a mini summit they held on the sidelines
of the un General Assembly and the same

00:10:16
and they issued they're also calling
on the international community to put

00:10:20
a stop to Israel's building and expansion
of illegal settlements as well as all

00:10:25
unilateral measures these include changing
the historical and legal status in

00:10:30
Jerusalem and its Islamic and Christian
holy sites what is really stoked the anger

00:10:34
of Arab leaders though is the pledge
made by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin

00:10:38
Netanyahu ahead of the recent election to
annex parts of the West Bank specifically

00:10:43
the Jordan Valley and an area north of the
Dead Sea effectively putting an end to

00:10:48
hopes of

00:10:49
a future Palestinian state set up their
King Abdullah already warned Israel that

00:10:53
and axing the Jordan Valley will directly
impact the relationship between Israel

00:10:58
and Jordan and Israel and Egypt and
that these types of statements are

00:11:03
a disaster to any attempt to move forward
to the 2 state solution to achieve peace

00:11:08
this warning from Jordan in Egypt as the
only 2 Arab countries to have signed peace

00:11:12
treaties with the Jewish state is meant
to be serious Laura Friedman president of

00:11:17
the Foundation for Middle East peace
explains to the away the predicament Jordan

00:11:21
could face should Israel try to an excess
area bordering the Kingdom Israel is

00:11:26
making. Ability of a Palestinian state
in the West Bank and Gaza that is

00:11:32
a security threat to Jordan and an
accidental trip to Jordan and it's not for

00:11:36
nothing but

00:11:37
a lot of the people the court that's
greater Israel vision of the future if you

00:11:42
push them they probably would say that will
Jordan an outward sign they're already

00:11:46
in the Palestinian state Friedman says that
concerns by Israel and some of the Arab

00:11:50
Gulf states over Iran's growing military
presence in the Middle East edged them

00:11:55
closer to forming open ties with Israel
and recent years building. Something of

00:12:00
a united front against Iran however
Netanyahu is an exception pledged to harsh

00:12:06
condemnation from regional leaders Saudi
Arabia and the rest of its Gulf allies who

00:12:11
called it

00:12:12
a very dangerous escalation declaring an
equation No really it takes only even

00:12:18
pretense it rips away that I think that
there could be people still want there to

00:12:23
be

00:12:23
a political solution on the West Bank and in
Gaza that resolves the claims of the Palestinian

00:12:29
great Arab neighbors that has different
levels the threat involved so countries

00:12:35
this is an issue the symbolism of Jerusalem
the symbolism of the struggle which is

00:12:41
certainly less of

00:12:43
a hot issue than it has been in past
years for the street based on polling it

00:12:48
appears to not have gone away but for Jordan
this is an immediate accidential that

00:12:52
on its border which has

00:12:55
a population of. Simply for Lebanese
Democratic reasons cannot be accommodated in

00:13:01
the next actual problem and for Egypt as
well and the argument what do you do it

00:13:05
God to do we make it Egypt's problem Egypt
doesn't want at the point where Israel

00:13:09
start announcing an expansion
and ripping away even

00:13:12
a cretin political process for those 3
countries in particular this becomes an

00:13:16
immediate and domestic accidential
issue human rights lawyer Zaha has an

00:13:21
a visiting fellow at the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace says she

00:13:25
wonders if Benny Gantz of Israel's blue
and white party will pull Netanyahu back

00:13:30
from his campaign promise to annex the
Jordan Valley or if there may be pressure to

00:13:35
move ahead with it if the only Israeli
governing coalition that can be formed is

00:13:40
a hard right one that includes the ultra
nationalists and religious parties she

00:13:44
says than an exception is
almost guaranteed like her veil

00:13:49
a News Amman. Chief executive Carrie
lamb held talks with 150 members of the

00:13:55
community with speakers criticizing her
for curbing electoral freedoms. Norrin

00:14:00
public opinion in refusing to allow an
independent inquiry into allegations of

00:14:05
police brutality One woman called on Lam
to resign saying she was no longer fit to

00:14:10
live in landless and take notes and
took some time before responding to the

00:14:17
occasion she appeared she appealed to
the people to give her her government

00:14:21
a chance while emphasizing Hong
Kong still had a bright future and

00:14:24
a strong rule of law Hong Kong protesters
chanting anti-government slogans blocked

00:14:30
roads around the stadium where the event
was taking place the ongoing protests of

00:14:35
the biggest challenge to China's rule since
Hong Kong's handover from Britain in

00:14:39
1997 this is for you

00:14:43
a news. This is in

00:14:47
a minute. The UN's Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change or i.p.c.c.

00:14:53
Released

00:14:54
a report on the world's oceans are in
greatest fear the ice covered parts of the

00:14:58
earth the report of the due to greenhouse
gas emissions the current and Ridge

00:15:02
Global Temperature is already one degree
Celsius above pre-industrial levels the

00:15:07
u.n.

00:15:08
Report suggests that there is significant
evidence to demonstrate the impact temperature

00:15:13
increase is having on people in the rooms
very to ecosystems the one Scientists say

00:15:18
the usually is warmer more acidic and
less productive and because of melting

00:15:23
glaciers and ice sheets the global sea
level is rising even more so in recent

00:15:27
decades parents placed
here of the i.p.c.c.

00:15:31
Says that the rules pollutions are in
cryosphere have been taking the heat from

00:15:35
climate change for decades and consequences
for nature and humanity are sweeping

00:15:40
and severe I am view ways Rick pencil

00:15:43
a 0. Feelings international

00:15:49
edition continues I'm Steve Miller and
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson faced

00:15:54
a backlash from furious lawmakers today
over his use of confrontational language in

00:16:00
Parliament about his opponents of his bricks
that plan and debate Wednesday Johnson

00:16:04
characterize an opposition law ordering
a Bracks a delay as a surrender act and

00:16:09
a humiliation Bill Johnson went further
by saying that delaying Brax it would be

00:16:14
tray voters and brushed off concerns his
language might endanger legislators

00:16:20
Johnson took power 2 months ago with

00:16:22
a do or die promise that
Britain will leave the e.u.

00:16:25
On schedule October 31st with or without

00:16:29
a divorce deal he's putting himself
against lawmakers determined to avoid

00:16:32
a no deal Breck sets which economists
say would disrupt trade with the e.u.

00:16:37
And plunge the United Kingdom into recession
to bring us up to speed on the latest

00:16:41
developments as Parliament resumes discussions
on what to do next we're joined on

00:16:45
the phone by

00:16:46
a London based reporter and re Ridgwell
Henry welcome to the program. You want

00:16:51
another fiery day and fiery indeed some
of the language that Mr Johnson was using

00:16:57
was really heating up the House of
Commons. Absolutely talk of betrayal

00:17:03
talk of

00:17:04
a surrender bill that prompted much criticism
from Opposition M.P.'s but Mr Jones

00:17:11
and supporters point to language on the
other side they have accused bricks its

00:17:16
supporters of being racists and xenophobes
So you really see the mood the tension

00:17:22
on both sides is really heating up ahead
of this ilk over 31st breaks it deadline

00:17:28
and the fact that the Supreme Court in
Britain ruled against Boris Johnson 2 days

00:17:34
ago in his attempt to suspend parliament
full saying the prime minister to come

00:17:38
back from the un in New York and address
M.P.'s that of course turned up the heat

00:17:44
as well you had

00:17:45
a chamber full of confidence full of
vindicated members of parliament ready to vent

00:17:51
their fury on the prime minister
and that all added up to

00:17:55
a very angry session in the House of Commons
yesterday so where things going to go

00:18:00
from here because we keep on talking about
October 31st as the divorce date we're

00:18:05
Britain may crash out of the e.u.

00:18:07
But the next date that's really
important you know in terms of

00:18:10
a timeline is October 19th date where
you know if there's no deal in place by

00:18:16
a law Mr Johnson has to ask for an extension
were things stand with that because

00:18:22
he's committed to leaving no matter what
that's right and that's where Mr Johnson's

00:18:28
. Rhetoric over leaving the European
Union on October 31st and British will

00:18:35
collide opposition M.P.'s have passed
this legislation that you describe saying

00:18:40
that if he has not struck

00:18:42
a deal by October the 19th that's the day
off to this big European Union summit in

00:18:48
Brussels where he will face all the other
European Union leaders if they don't

00:18:51
strike

00:18:52
a deal at that summit the day off today
he will have to go to them and ask for

00:18:56
a break that extension that's what the
legislation says Mr Johnson has been.

00:19:01
Cisterns in saying he will refuse to do so
by you can tell you though that he will

00:19:06
adhere to the lure and of course this is
very relevant having been defeated in the

00:19:11
Supremes cool just 2 days ago he is some
of the analysts say that they believe that

00:19:18
Boris Johnson's office spies some kind of
loophole in this legislation that will

00:19:23
allow them to get around it to ignore that
piece of legislation but north end up in

00:19:27
court those who curated and passed
this piece of legislation insist it is

00:19:32
watertight and if Mr Johnson does refuse
to go and ask for an extension they will

00:19:36
take him to court that cool case would be
passed very quickly and he would be found

00:19:41
in contempt of court or he would be found
on little full once again it's possible

00:19:46
then that the prime minister may resign
and fulfill his promise of refusing to us

00:19:51
for an extension from seeing perhaps another
election or the formation of another

00:19:56
government and

00:19:56
a new prime minister to go and ask Brussels
for an extension so for the moment we

00:20:02
have

00:20:02
a prime minister insisting that he's going
to stick to his pledge of leaving on October

00:20:06
the 31st and we have a lure that
says we can't leave without

00:20:10
a deal and the prospects of actually
having a deal between Britain and the e.u.

00:20:15
To leave the Bloc seem very remote indeed
so at some point something's got to give

00:20:20
before that happens I think we're going
to see plenty more angry sessions in the

00:20:24
House of Parliament and for that will
certainly come back to you an original is in

00:20:28
London thank you so much great to be with
you Steve. Vili's Korean service has

00:20:34
learned that North Korea
has quietly reopened

00:20:37
a construction firm and Senegal in apparent
violation of United Nations sanctions

00:20:41
targeting Pyongyang's nuclear programs
reporting states that at least 31 North

00:20:47
Koreans are working at the firm Corman
construction and commerce Senegal Searle's

00:20:52
And joining us in the studio who report
on that is from the Korean service Humvee

00:20:57
ha thank you for coming by thanks for
having me so we have this thing where North

00:21:01
Korea is under several
sanctions u.s. Sanctions u.n.

00:21:06
Sanctions as well that prohibit them from
doing most kinds of business with u.n.

00:21:09
Member states but what exactly did your
reporting find so there's a u.n. And u.s.

00:21:16
Sanction the n.p.t. Called
months a day oversee

00:21:18
a project this North Korean company are
in the millions of dollars each year and

00:21:24
the government of Senegal
reported that u.n.

00:21:27
That mid-month state no longer exist but
we discovered that this company has been

00:21:32
operating under different name as you said
corpsman construction. And do we talk

00:21:39
to experts about what's going on and what
you're reporting on covered in Senegal

00:21:45
does a meet the criteria of violating
u.n. Sanctions yes the u.n.

00:21:51
Security Council resolutions has designated
months days so that's one even if it

00:21:56
has a different name now number 2 is that
the u.n. Resolutions have prohibited u.n.

00:22:02
Member states from conducting business with
North Korea plus we found out that some

00:22:07
of what they North Korea Workers 31 workers
has arrived in Senegal sometime this

00:22:13
year and it is also if I elation
and as and as things move

00:22:20
forward I mean what do we know about the
current state of things after reporting

00:22:26
you know there under u.n. Sanction there
under u.s. Stink sanctions has the u.s.

00:22:32
Did. Apartment made any kind of comments
about what's been going on yes the u.s.

00:22:37
State Department has responded to our story
telling that they will not hesitate to

00:22:42
take unilateral action against entities
that conduct prohibited activities or

00:22:48
facilitate sanctions evasion and Fars un
Have you gotten any kind of reply from any

00:22:53
any u.n.

00:22:54
Organizations about the activity there yes
the panel of experts of nor the North

00:22:58
Korean sanctions committee at the u.n.

00:23:01
Told us that they cannot comment on the
ongoing investigations but they told me

00:23:05
that they are or where of months Day is
doing business under different names

00:23:11
including in Senegal. Reports for our Korean
Service thank you so much for stopping

00:23:17
by the studio All right thanks for having
me. Bill to decriminalise abortion in the

00:23:23
only Australian stage where it has been
illegal was an acted by lawmakers in New

00:23:27
South Wales Thursday Phil Mercer reports
that supporters say the legislation is

00:23:32
a massive step forward for women but
Catholic leaders believe it was

00:23:37
a dark day for the state of
New South Wales following

00:23:41
a marathon debate and weeks of
protest abortion is no longer

00:23:45
a crime in Australia's most populous state
the new law allows terminations that up

00:23:51
to $22.00 weeks of pregnancy or later
if 2 specialist doctors agree critics

00:23:57
including the Catholic Church
believe the legislation is

00:24:01
a defeat for humanity but supporters say
that women seeking an abortion will no

00:24:06
longer be treated like criminals the lower
in New South Wales provoked deep splits

00:24:12
within the main political parties that
echo divisions in the community penny shop

00:24:18
and opposition Labor m.p.

00:24:20
Said the measures would protect women
none of us are in favor of abortion it's

00:24:24
lunchtime or in favor of heart attacks we
just understand that the reality is that

00:24:30
it's

00:24:30
a medical procedure that they see down Saif
Ali legally and excessively however policy

00:24:36
Callie Greg Donnelly insisted the lol was

00:24:39
a terrible mistake yes we must talk
about women but what about the unborn

00:24:46
who's in the corner. He's about to be
terminated through an excruciating procedure

00:24:52
abortion is now legal in every Australian
State and Territory Well the law is very

00:24:58
previously

00:24:58
a bullish and possibly New South Wales
only if it don't to say it's There was

00:25:03
serious risk to a woman's health
according to government estimates up to

00:25:09
a 3rd of Australian women
will choose to terminate

00:25:12
a pregnancy and between
65080000 Tema Nations

00:25:18
a camera down its across Australia
each year film Assefa v.o.a.

00:25:22
News Sydney Iran has committed another
breach of its nuclear deal with major powers

00:25:28
by enriching uranium with advanced
centrifuges in the new report by the u.n.

00:25:34
Nuclear watchdog policing the agency the
report was released on Thursday further

00:25:41
fraying the landmark of core in Iran is
breaching the restrictions of its deal with

00:25:45
major powers step by
step in response to u.s.

00:25:48
Sanctions imposed since Washington pulled
out of the agreement May of last year.

00:25:54
Juncture rock

00:25:56
a 2 term French president who was the 1st
later to acknowledge France's role in the

00:26:00
Holocaust and it and
defiantly oppose the u.s.

00:26:03
Invasion of Iraq in 2003 died Thursday
at the age of 86 as president from

00:26:10
1905 to 2007 he was

00:26:13
a consummate global diplomat but failed
to reform the economy or defuse tensions

00:26:18
between police and minority youth which
exploded into riots across France in 2005

00:26:25
and that will do it for us today you've
been listening to international edition on

00:26:30
The Voice of America on behalf of our
producer Nadia engineer Ra McLean and

00:26:35
managing editor of Cape Town Dawson thank
you so much for listening you'll be able

00:26:40
to find in-depth coverage of world
events and news at the v.o.a.

00:26:43
News website and don't forget
where there are v.o.a.

00:26:46
Mobile app you'll be able to down. Water
stories and take them with you anytime day

00:26:51
or night until next time I'm
Steve Miller in Washington have

00:26:55
a great day manning and.

00:27:02
Man.

00:27:09
Welcome to learning English

00:27:11
a daily 30 minute program from the Voice
of America I'm Jonathan Evans and I'm

00:27:18
Ashley Thompson this program is aimed
at English learners so we speak

00:27:24
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning

00:27:31
English. Today on the

00:27:37
program you will hear from Brian Lynn later
Steve ember will present our American

00:27:44
history series The Making of

00:27:46
a nation but 1st. For the
past 10 years the number of

00:27:53
Chinese students at u.s.

00:27:55
Universities has been rising but
university officials are starting to see

00:28:02
a sharp drop in Chinese students
several universities have

00:28:08
reported drops of 20 percent or
more this autumn at the start of

00:28:14
a new school term to get more
international students some schools are

00:28:20
advertising in other countries and working
to keep the number of Chinese students

00:28:26
they have u.s.

00:28:29
Colleges and universities need the money
paid by students from China and other

00:28:36
countries international students
usually pay the whole tuition amount

00:28:43
unlike American students many
of whom ask for financial aid.

00:28:50
University officials and observers say
there are several reasons for the falling

00:28:56
numbers of Chinese students they
include trade conflicts and

00:29:03
political tensions between China
and the United States there also

00:29:10
is increasing competition for college
students visa issues and the growth of

00:29:16
China's higher education system
at Bentley University and

00:29:23
Massachusetts the number of new Chinese
students arriving for graduate level work

00:29:29
dropped from 110 last autumn to 70 as

00:29:36
a result Bentley officials are wondering
whether all of its graduate programs

00:29:42
can survive I wouldn't describe
it as catastrophic only bad

00:29:49
said the university's president and
Allison Davis Blake She added that the

00:29:56
university has tried to to get more students
from other countries as well as from

00:30:02
inside the United States large
decreases in Chinese students

00:30:09
also have been reported at this autumn at
the University of Vermont which reported

00:30:15
23 percent decrease the University
of Nebraska Lincoln had

00:30:22
a 20 percent decrease China sends
more students to study and the United

00:30:29
States than any other country
its $363000.00 students

00:30:36
represent more than 30 percent of
all international students at u.s.

00:30:41
Universities parents and students
in China share concerns with

00:30:48
those in other countries about American
gun violence as well as immigration

00:30:54
issues. In May the Association
of International educators

00:31:01
identified the 2 main reasons for failing
numbers of international students who

00:31:07
want to study in the United States the
difficulty of getting of visa and the

00:31:14
social and political environment in
the United States but there are also

00:31:21
problems that affect only Chinese
students the trumpet ministration has

00:31:27
accused China of stealing u.s.

00:31:30
Intellectual property it is looking
very closely at Chinese students who

00:31:37
ask for visas to study robotics
flight and high tech manufacturing

00:31:45
in June China warned students and other
visitors to the United States about

00:31:51
possible difficulties and getting u.s.

00:31:54
Visas. Is an electrical
engineering student at Beijing

00:32:01
Gjelten university he said
he hopes to study at a u.s.

00:32:07
University but he is worried about the
visa process so he plans to ask to

00:32:14
study in Britain.

00:32:56
Officials from around the
world have agreed to support

00:33:01
a sharp increase in
hydrogen technology Japan

00:33:08
announced Wednesday that energy ministers
or delegates from 30 countries are

00:33:15
supporting

00:33:15
a plan to develop hydrogen
energy for transportation the

00:33:23
Japanese government invited the officials
to the hydrogen ministerial meeting in

00:33:29
Tokyo the 30 countries
reportedly agreed to calls to

00:33:36
increase production of hydrogen
powered mobility systems such as fuel

00:33:43
cell vehicles trucks buses trains or ships

00:33:50
the goal is to make 10000000 such
forms of transportation available

00:33:56
worldwide over the next
10 years in addition

00:34:02
Japan said the officials supported the
goal of setting up 10000 hydrogen

00:34:09
refueling stations worldwide by 2030. Such

00:34:15
stations will be necessary to lead

00:34:19
a successful expansion of hydrogen
powered vehicles in coming years

00:34:25
a statement said to date Asian nations are

00:34:30
a leader in developing hydrogen
technology to power automobiles

00:34:38
China Japan and South Korea have set goals
to put millions of hydrogen powered

00:34:45
vehicles on roads by 2030
experts have predicted

00:34:52
the effort will cost the country's
billions of dollars the

00:34:59
use of hydrogen to power cars has
not received as much attention in

00:35:05
recent years as electric
technology many major

00:35:12
automakers have announced plans to increase
production of electric vehicles to

00:35:18
serve

00:35:19
a growing market for clean
running cars hydrogen is

00:35:26
considered an extremely clean
energy source water and heat

00:35:33
are the only by products of
producing it also hydrogen can be

00:35:39
made from many different sources
including methane coal water

00:35:46
or even waste some critics
of hydrogen fuel cell

00:35:53
technology argue that hydrogen
powered vehicles will always be

00:35:59
a very small part of the
automobile market but supporters

00:36:06
say that hydrogen is the cleanest
energy source available for cars.

00:36:13
They believe the technology will gain
greater acceptance in the coming years as

00:36:20
more refueling equipment for hydrogen
powered vehicles is created and

00:36:26
becomes more widely available
China is by far the world's

00:36:33
largest auto market about
28000000 vehicles are sold there

00:36:39
each year the country aims to have
more than $1000000.00 hydrogen fuel

00:36:46
cell vehicles in service by 2030 about

00:36:52
$1500.00 are currently in
use most of which are buses

00:37:00
Japan which sells more than
5000000 vehicles yearly has plans

00:37:07
to sell at least 800000 hydrogen
powered vehicles by 2030

00:37:15
South Korea has an automobile market
about one 3rd the size of Japan

00:37:22
it has set

00:37:22
a target of getting 850000 hydrogen
fuel cell vehicles on the road

00:37:30
by 2030 South Korea had sold
fewer than 900 of the vehicles

00:37:36
through the end of 2018 Japanese
officials have said the

00:37:43
resource poor country sees hydrogen as

00:37:47
a way to improve its energy
security they have also noted that

00:37:53
driving distances and refueling times
for hydrogen powered vehicles are

00:38:00
comparable to gasoline cars
electric cars on the other hand

00:38:06
require hours to recharge
and generally provide only

00:38:11
a few 100 kilometers of driving
distance. Many backers in China

00:38:18
and Japan see hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles as complementing electric

00:38:24
automobiles instead of replacing
them in general hydrogen is

00:38:31
considered

00:38:32
a better choice for heavier vehicles
that drive longer distances like busses

00:38:40
so far only

00:38:41
a small number of auto makers have made
fuel cell passenger cars available to the

00:38:48
public Toyotas Motor Corp
launched its Mariah vehicle

00:38:55
at the end of 2014 the company
has sold fewer than 10000 of the

00:39:01
cars worldwide Hyundai Motor
Company has offered the

00:39:08
next 0 crossover since March
28th seen so far Hyundai

00:39:15
has sold about 2900 of the
vehicles worldwide the

00:39:22
company had sales of around 900 for
its earlier hydrogen fuel cell model

00:39:29
the Tucson I'm Brian Lynn.

00:39:45
From v o a a a learning English
Welcome to the making of

00:39:50
a nation American history in v o f

00:39:54
a special English I'm Steve Emberg
we continue the story of Alexander

00:40:01
Hamilton he was the nation's
1st secretary of the Treasury.

00:40:08
Alexander Hamilton firmly believed
that no country could become

00:40:13
a modern nation without industry
so he carefully developed

00:40:19
a program that would make the United
States and industrial nation hard to vs

00:40:26
program protected American
manufacturers from foreign competition

00:40:33
Hamilton protected them by as stablish ing

00:40:36
a system of import taxes on some
foreign goods brought into American

00:40:43
ports these tariffs raised
the prices of those goods as

00:40:49
a result American manufacturers had
much less competition in selling their

00:40:56
products Alexander Hamilton also
organized the nation's finances

00:41:04
one of his 1st steps was to pay back
the debt the country owed from the

00:41:11
Revolutionary War But Hamilton wanted
to go much further he wanted to

00:41:17
establish

00:41:18
a national bank. Hamilton argued
that many European countries

00:41:25
had national banks University of
Virginia history professor Andrew

00:41:32
O'Shaughnessy's says Hamilton saw the
advantage of Britain's system it permitted

00:41:39
a very small country to go deeply into
debt while fighting wars the British

00:41:45
should Senshi been able to project
power well beyond their size thanks to

00:41:52
a very efficient I know it
didn't look very adult and said

00:41:57
a national bank in America would increase
the flow of money throughout the country

00:42:05
it would help the national government
negotiate loans and collect taxes

00:42:12
business historian John Steele
Gordon says Hamilton believed

00:42:17
a centralized bank what also keep the
states from competing with each other

00:42:25
banks always have the problem is that they're
in the money business and so they're

00:42:29
always tempted. Too much to speculate
too much and so the central mechanism

00:42:36
to shortly but Hamilton's plan
raised Oh fears as especially among

00:42:43
farmers in the south critics argued that

00:42:47
a national bank would
give too much power to

00:42:51
a few rich men in the north.
It would take control of state

00:42:58
banks on which southern farmers and
small business men that tended

00:43:05
it would also increase the use of paper
money instead of gold and silver.

00:43:16
James Madison led the opposition
against Hamilton's plan in Congress

00:43:23
Madison said the United States
should not put all its wealth in one

00:43:29
place so he proposed

00:43:32
a system of many smaller banks in
different parts of the country he

00:43:39
also argued that b.

00:43:41
Idea of

00:43:42
a central bank was
unconstitutional no one knew more

00:43:49
about the American Constitution then
James Madison he was given credit for

00:43:55
most of the ideas in it
everyone respected his

00:44:01
explanations of its Warty. Madison
noted that the Constitution

00:44:09
gave Congress number of powers
which were stated for example by

00:44:15
constitution and gave Congress the power
to borrow money but Congress could borrow

00:44:22
money only to read pay debts to
defend the country and to provide

00:44:29
for the general good of the people
Madison said permitting Congress to do

00:44:36
more than what was in the Constitution
was dangerous Hamilton presented

00:44:43
a very different view his view came
to be known as the implied powers

00:44:50
doctrine 1 and other words the constitution
includes powers without naming

00:44:57
them business historian John Steele
Gordon says this means that Congress

00:45:04
can do what ever it needs
to do to fulfill its duties

00:45:10
unless the Constitution for bids it is
an argument that. The states never well

00:45:17
over 200 years and other 200 years
in the 171000 Hamilton's view

00:45:24
won more congressional support. He
got enough votes to approve his

00:45:30
proposal to establish

00:45:32
a national bank. Still

00:45:44
President George Washington had to sign
but bailed into law Washington worried

00:45:50
about the possibility that the bill
was not constitutional so he asked

00:45:57
3 men for advice attorney general
Edmund Randolph secretary of

00:46:04
states Thomas Jefferson and Treasury
Secretary Alexander Hamilton

00:46:11
Randolph had no firm answered
Jefferson agreed with Madison

00:46:18
creating

00:46:19
a national bank violated the Constitution
Hamilton of course disagreed

00:46:27
he said the Constitution gave government

00:46:30
a number of powers besides those
written down otherwise he said

00:46:38
the government could not work these
arguments did not completely answer

00:46:44
all of President Washington's questions
but he went ahead and signed the bill

00:46:51
to establish

00:46:52
a national bank in America.
One of its jobs was to

00:46:59
maintain the value of the country's
currency and to borrow money for the

00:47:06
government the National Bank also
increased the flow of capital

00:47:13
needed for investment it fed the
country's business and commercial

00:47:20
activities and it collected
taxes. Business historian John

00:47:26
Steele garden says America's financial
success and see in the 1790s

00:47:33
showed that Hamilton's
plan work at. The National

00:47:40
Bank and many of Hamilton's other
ideas had another important effect

00:47:47
they created

00:47:48
a disagreement that still exists
but disagreement began with

00:47:55
Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
but 2 men were very different

00:48:02
Alexander Hamilton was born in
the West Indies to a man and

00:48:06
a woman who were not married however
Hamilton was educated in America

00:48:14
and he gained a place in society
by marrying the daughter of

00:48:19
a wealthy land owner in New York state
money and position were important

00:48:26
to Hamilton he believed men of money
and position should govern the nation.

00:48:35
To

00:48:36
a thermos Jefferson could have been what
Alexander Hamilton wanted to be through

00:48:43
his mother he was distantly related
to British nobleman and he liked fine

00:48:50
food and wine books and music
but Jefferson had great

00:48:56
respect for simple farmers and for the
men who opened America's western lands

00:49:04
to settlement he believed they need to add

00:49:08
a right to govern the nation.
University of Virginia historian Andrew

00:49:14
O'Shaughnessy says both Hamilton and
Jefferson believed they were defending

00:49:21
the ideals of the American Revolution
and he says their disagreement

00:49:29
revealed their fears Professor O'Shaughnessy
says Hamilton remembered the chaos

00:49:36
under the country's 1st weak government
he was afraid that government would

00:49:42
collapse and there would be social anarchy
John Adams and Alexander Hamilton that

00:49:49
differences were breaking down too
much and that it would lead to

00:49:52
a breakdown in the already on the other
hand he says Jefferson and his supporters

00:49:58
were afraid that the American Revolution
would like most revolutions fail

00:50:06
a small elite group would control the
country again in other words they were

00:50:13
afraid of tyranny.

00:50:22
Hamilton then Jefferson's personal
disagreements turned into

00:50:27
a public dispute when they served in
President Washington's cabinet the

00:50:33
president tried to make peace between
them he liked them and respected

00:50:40
them he believed the new nation
needed the skills of both men

00:50:46
however the disagreement
became more than just

00:50:50
a question of 2 strong men who
could not agree it became

00:50:55
a battle love to him cleat Lee
different philosophies of government.

00:51:03
Those who supported the Hamilton became
known as the Federalist Party. The

00:51:09
Federalist supported a strong
national government with

00:51:14
a powerful president and courts
in the early 17th nineties but

00:51:21
Federalists controlled the Congress they
also had great influence over President

00:51:27
Washington. Most Federalists lived
in the cities of the Northeast

00:51:35
they were the nation's bankers and big
business men they were lawyers doctors

00:51:42
and clergymen but at the time the
majority of Americans were farmers

00:51:49
laborers and small business men
many were bitter over government

00:51:55
policies that always seemed to help
the wealthy they had no political

00:52:02
party to speak for them these were the
people Thomas Jefferson wanted to reach.

00:52:10
Jefferson's task was big Many of these
Americans knew little of what was

00:52:17
happening outside their local area
many were not permitted to vote

00:52:24
because they did not own property.
Jefferson looked at the situation the in

00:52:30
each state almost everywhere he
found local political groups

00:52:37
fighting against state laws
that helped the rich. These

00:52:44
local groups were what Jefferson needed
he worked to bring them together

00:52:51
into

00:52:51
a national party to oppose the
Federalists the party came to be called

00:52:58
the Jeffersonian Republicans or
just the Republicans. It may

00:53:05
sound confusing but today many of
Jefferson's ideas are expressed by the

00:53:12
Democratic Party rather than the Republican
Party this is because of changes

00:53:19
in parties and party names over
the years in Jefferson and

00:53:25
Hamilton's time says Professor O'Shaughnessy
the idea of organized political

00:53:31
parties was new in America today we
would regard the existence of party

00:53:38
politics is essential for the
functioning of democracy the need to be

00:53:44
a minority view expressed government
need to be held accountable by an

00:53:50
opposing party but at that time he says
the people who fought in the American

00:53:57
Revolution expected to be united as

00:54:02
a result the country did not have any
laws governing what political parties

00:54:09
could or could not do there were no
restrictions on the political activities

00:54:16
of government officials so
Hamilton and Jefferson carried on

00:54:21
a war of words in their party
newspapers Jefferson has specially felt

00:54:28
the need for newspapers in

00:54:30
a democracy he believed they
provided the only way for

00:54:36
a large population to know the
truth. He once said if he had to

00:54:43
choose between a government without
newspapers or newspapers without

00:54:49
a government he would
choose newspapers without

00:54:53
a government both parties newspapers
carried unsigned articles

00:54:59
attacking the opposition both
printed stories that were false at

00:55:06
times the attacks were personal many
people felt the 2 cabinet secretaries

00:55:13
should be above that kind of public
fighting but Professor O'Shaughnessy says

00:55:20
that did not stop them the party politics
became that is this any time in history

00:55:27
toward the end of President Washington's
1st that ministration he received

00:55:32
a letter from Jefferson the secretary
of state said he planned to resign

00:55:39
he said he disagreed with most the Viet
ministrations domestic and foreign

00:55:46
policies he did not name Hamilton it
was not necessary Washington knew

00:55:53
what he meant Hamilton was the chief
planner of those policies but

00:55:59
Jefferson decided not to resign in

00:56:03
a letter to his daughter Jefferson
said the attacks on him changed

00:56:09
a decision which he did not think could
possibly be changed he must remain

00:56:16
and fight so while continuing
to serve as secretary of state

00:56:22
Jefferson began working to get his
supporters elected to Congress he believed

00:56:29
that was the only way to fight Hamilton
national elections were set for

00:56:36
1792. And that's our program

00:56:43
for today listen again tomorrow to learn
English 3 stories from around the world

00:56:50
I'm Jonathan Evans and
I'm Ashley Thompson.

00:57:07
This is Big News I'm
David Bird acting u.s.

00:57:11
Director of national intelligence just

00:57:13
a wired faced questions Thursday about
why he initially block the release of

00:57:18
a whistleblower complaint now at the
center of an impeachment inquiry into

00:57:21
President Donald Trump's actions

00:57:24
a peace agreement Ghani reports are
adapted version is now public showing the

00:57:28
whistleblower says the president pushed
Ukraine's leader to get political dirt on

00:57:33
Joe Biden and that the White House then
tried to lock down the information to cover

00:57:38
it up the House Intelligence Committee
released the document shortly before hearing

00:57:42
from the nation's acting intelligence chief
I think the whistleblower did the right

00:57:46
thing at Joseph wire says so did he in 1st
taking the complaint to the White House

00:57:51
instead of to Congress saying the
complaint dealt with executive privilege

00:57:55
a privilege that I do not have the authority
to waive but the wire says it's not

00:58:00
his role to determine if the whistleblowers
allegations are credible the complaints

00:58:05
narrative is likely to speed up the impeachment
push even as the president insists

00:58:09
again he did nothing wrong solder Magni at
the White House President Trump assailed

00:58:15
congressional Democrats for their impeachment
inquiry speaking in New York on his

00:58:20
way to Washington from called it

00:58:21
a disgrace and said it should not be
allowed bed I want to talk about it. They

00:58:27
don't want to talk about lowering drug
prices they don't want to talk about

00:58:31
anything because they're fixated on this
and Nancy Pelosi has been hijacked by the

00:58:37
radical left and everybody
knows that meanwhile 2 u.s.

00:58:40
Newspapers are reporting Trump demanded
to know who provided information to the

00:58:44
whistleblower who filed the report that led
to the impeachment inquiry federal law

00:58:50
protects whistleblowers from retaliation
for disclosing fraud waste abuse or other

00:58:56
illegal activity For more
visit our website v.o.a.

00:59:00
News dot com This is video way news France
is mourning former president Jacques

00:59:07
Chirac a veteran politician and
champion of multi-lateralism European.

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